Paediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), also known as bipolar disorder in children, is a contentious mental illness primarily diagnosed in the United States that affects children and adolescents. It is hypothesised to be similar to bipolar disorder (BD) in adults and is therefore proposed as an explanation for the drastic changes in mood and behaviour that go along with periods of low mood or irritability and periods of high mood, also known as manic or hypomanic episodes. Although usually gradual, these transitions can occasionally be abrupt. Although the typical age of onset of paediatric bipolar illness is unknown, the risk rises as puberty approaches. In children, bipolar disorder is uncommon. When compared to bipolar illness that first manifests in late adolescence or adulthood, paediatric bipolar disorder is often more severe and has a worse prognosis. With modest modifications to account for changes in age and developmental stage, the same criteria used to diagnose bipolar disorder in adults are used to make the diagnosis in children in both the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 and the World Health Organization's ICD-10. Although there are many others, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect or bullying, are the most frequent childhood traumas. One of these events damages the brain, leading to a variety of illnesses and having both physical and psychological repercussions. The most frequent trauma in cases of emotional abuse is linked to the anxiety problem that affects the majority of people. However, there is also a correlation between childhood trauma and other illnesses, such as bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or psychosis, which is linked to all traumas. If you experienced trauma during childhood, the risk of suffering from borderline personality disorder increases up to fifteen times in that case.

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